Glossary
Abolitionist: a person who advocates getting rid (abolition) of slavery
Activism: action taken to bring about social change and reform
Advocate: someone that supports or promotes the interests of another person or group of people
Ancestor: a person from whom one is descended; preceding generations
Artisan: a person trained in a skill or trade
Assimilate: to adapt to the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group or nation; match your culture to the one you are living in
Bias: a distorted or one-sided view
Civil Rights: the rights that are guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens, especially equal treatment under the law
Cultural Diffusion: the spread of ideas, technology, religion, and language
Declaration of Sentiments: a formal statement of injustices or grievances suffered by women, written by the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention
De-institutionalization: the policy of moving severely mentally ill people out of large state hospitals and then closing part or all of those hospitals
Discrimination: unequal treatment based on a person’s race, gender, religion, place of birth, etc…
Diversity: being different; it can be different people and cultures, economic activities, etc.
Emancipation: the act of freeing people from slavery
Enfranchise: give the right to vote to someone
Enlighten: Give someone greater knowledge and understanding about a subject or situation, or give them spiritual knowledge or insight.
Ethics: the principles of conduct (behavior) governing an individual or a group; dealing with what is good and bad in society
Famine: severe lack of food in an entire region or area
Feminist: a person who advocates for social, economic, and political equality for women
Haven: a safe place
Heritage: the traditional beliefs, values, and customs of a family or country
Hostile: unfriendly, aggressive, or combative
Illiterate: unable to read or write
Immigrant: someone who moves from one country or another, usually for political, economic, or social reasons
Industrial Revolution: a major shift in economic activity in the 1800’s where machines and factories replaced hand tools and artisans
Industrialization: the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.
Manufacture: to make raw materials and resources into finished and usable products
Mass Production: the use of interchangeable parts and assembly lines to make large quantities of goods for less money
Migration Patterns: routes of movement for animals and people across a given area or countries
Nativism: an attitude of superiority and resentment towards immigrants and foreign people
Posterity: all future generations
Public education: schools and instruction supported and run by the government
Push Factors: things that make a person want to leave their home country; things that push people out of their homeland
Pull Factors: things that make a person want to go to a new country; things that pull people toward a new land
Reform: to improve conditions; changing something that is wrong, corrupt, bad, etc
Reformers: people who work to correct injustices or improve conditions of others
Repressive: being overbearing or controlling
Revival: a reawakening of faith or renewal of commitment to religion; an evangelistic meeting or service intended to effect such a reawakening in those present
Second Great Awakening: A revival of religious feeling and belief in the 1820’s and 1830’s that led to reforms in society
Standard of living: the level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation.
Suffrage: the right to vote
Temperance: moderation in or abstaining (staying away) from the use of alcoholic beverages
Tolerance: sympathy or acceptance of beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one's own
Transcendentalism: a philosophy that taught people to ‘transcend’ (go beyond) logical thinking to reach true understanding with the help of emotion and intuition
Tutor: to teach or instruct someone
Urbanization: the growth of cities
Activism: action taken to bring about social change and reform
Advocate: someone that supports or promotes the interests of another person or group of people
Ancestor: a person from whom one is descended; preceding generations
Artisan: a person trained in a skill or trade
Assimilate: to adapt to the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group or nation; match your culture to the one you are living in
Bias: a distorted or one-sided view
Civil Rights: the rights that are guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens, especially equal treatment under the law
Cultural Diffusion: the spread of ideas, technology, religion, and language
Declaration of Sentiments: a formal statement of injustices or grievances suffered by women, written by the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention
De-institutionalization: the policy of moving severely mentally ill people out of large state hospitals and then closing part or all of those hospitals
Discrimination: unequal treatment based on a person’s race, gender, religion, place of birth, etc…
Diversity: being different; it can be different people and cultures, economic activities, etc.
Emancipation: the act of freeing people from slavery
Enfranchise: give the right to vote to someone
Enlighten: Give someone greater knowledge and understanding about a subject or situation, or give them spiritual knowledge or insight.
Ethics: the principles of conduct (behavior) governing an individual or a group; dealing with what is good and bad in society
Famine: severe lack of food in an entire region or area
Feminist: a person who advocates for social, economic, and political equality for women
Haven: a safe place
Heritage: the traditional beliefs, values, and customs of a family or country
Hostile: unfriendly, aggressive, or combative
Illiterate: unable to read or write
Immigrant: someone who moves from one country or another, usually for political, economic, or social reasons
Industrial Revolution: a major shift in economic activity in the 1800’s where machines and factories replaced hand tools and artisans
Industrialization: the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.
Manufacture: to make raw materials and resources into finished and usable products
Mass Production: the use of interchangeable parts and assembly lines to make large quantities of goods for less money
Migration Patterns: routes of movement for animals and people across a given area or countries
Nativism: an attitude of superiority and resentment towards immigrants and foreign people
Posterity: all future generations
Public education: schools and instruction supported and run by the government
Push Factors: things that make a person want to leave their home country; things that push people out of their homeland
Pull Factors: things that make a person want to go to a new country; things that pull people toward a new land
Reform: to improve conditions; changing something that is wrong, corrupt, bad, etc
Reformers: people who work to correct injustices or improve conditions of others
Repressive: being overbearing or controlling
Revival: a reawakening of faith or renewal of commitment to religion; an evangelistic meeting or service intended to effect such a reawakening in those present
Second Great Awakening: A revival of religious feeling and belief in the 1820’s and 1830’s that led to reforms in society
Standard of living: the level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation.
Suffrage: the right to vote
Temperance: moderation in or abstaining (staying away) from the use of alcoholic beverages
Tolerance: sympathy or acceptance of beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one's own
Transcendentalism: a philosophy that taught people to ‘transcend’ (go beyond) logical thinking to reach true understanding with the help of emotion and intuition
Tutor: to teach or instruct someone
Urbanization: the growth of cities